The President Of The Columbia Institution - 1955 Words

After meeting with Kendall and his associates in April 1857, Gallaudet accept the offer (Gallaudet, 1983). In addition to accepting the position, Gallaudet also proposes the idea of expanding the institution into a college for the Deaf (Gallaudet, 1912). Kendall supported the idea and promised to speak to the Board of Directors and solicit the aid of Congress (Gallaudet, 1912). While Kendall would be the president of the Columbia Institution for the Instruction of Deaf and Dumb and Blind, school for children, Gallaudet would become the president of the college once Congress conferred the institution full collegiate powers in 1864. In 1865, the blind students at the institution were transferred a As plans were being made to establish the college, Gallaudet and Kendall faced a couple of disagreements. In 1864, Gallaudet drafted a bill that would grant the institution collegiate powers and worked on it with Senator James W. Grimes of Iowa to enact it. Gallaudet noted that some oppositions was faced because some doubted if deaf persons had the ability to learn collegiate studies (Gallaudet, 1912). Nevertheless, the law was passed in both houses of Congress and was signed by President Lincoln on April 8, 1864 (Armstrong, 2014). Gallaudet exclaims that when Kendall received the news, he â€Å"was pleased but remarked that he hoped I was not going† (Armstrong, 2014, p. 4). Additionally, Kendall and Gallaudet disputed about the admission policy. Gallaudet believed that there should aShow MoreRelatedThe University Of District Of Columbia Community College Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pagescolleges face. For this assignment, I will discuss the University of District of Columbia Community College and its governance. In addition, I will provide information on federal and local government involvement, leadership structure, political culture, student demographics, and community groups. 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The Determinants Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(48) " needed sums of insulin \( Baricevic, 2007 \) \." Diabetess affects over 3 million grownups in Australia alone-of which 90 % is type 2 ( Baricevic, 2007 ) non-insulin dependant diabetes mellitus ( NIDDM-for the interest of this essay diabetes is mentioning to type 2 NIDDM ) . There are legion biological and socioeconomic determiners of the disease which has developed into Australia ‘s fastest turning chronic disease. Whilst it is â€Å" frequently considered a lifestyle disease ( Scobie A ; Samaras, 2009 ) † this is a common misinterpretation with many other lending factors such as genetic sciences, the environment and economic fortunes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Determinants Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Whilst much research has gone into the management/treatment of diabetes, work on turn toing the ‘upstream ‘ determiners has begun. Physical therapists play a critical function in the bar and intervention of the status with them frequently ordering exercising plans for diabetic patients. Diabetess consequences from a sum or partial insulin lack, ensuing in hypoglycemia. This lack prevents glucose motion between the blood and cells, making a build-up of glucose in the blood stream. As a consequence of the hypoglycemia, several key symptoms are present including bleary vision ; increased mending times ; unexplained weight addition ; increased passing of piss ; aridity ; fatigue and giddiness. In 2010 diabetes accounted for 6.6 % of Australia ‘s entire loads of disease and has been identified as one of the eight national wellness precedences ( AIHW, 2010 ) . Section 1 Hamdy, Goodyear, A ; Horton ( 2004 ) contend that there are three cardinal lending factors to the oncoming of diabetes. These include familial sensitivity, decreased insulin action and a defect in the pancreatic I? cell. However the most well-known biological and behavioral determiners of the status relate to fleshiness with the comparative hazard being 1.8 for an fleshy individual and a astonishing 3.2 for corpulent people ( Marks, Coyne, A ; Pang, 2001 ) . Weight related determiners include fleshiness ( morbid and centrist ) , sedentary life style, hapless diet and low degrees of physical activity ( Ramlo-Halsted A ; Edelman, 1999 ) . Hamdy, Goodyear A ; Horton ( 2004 ) suggest the primary ground for such social alterations taking to the dramatic rises in the rates of both fleshiness and more so diabetes is urbanisation. They suggest that the recent global urbanization and increase in engineering has created a society where traditional incidental signifiers of exercising have been alleviated in favor of engineering and the progresss that it has facilitated. Cultural groups have peculiarly been affected by these alterations with their traditional signifiers of life transformed as they excessively are impacted by globalization. An illustration of such a group in Australia is the Autochthonal Australians. As with about all countries of wellness, they are badly over represented in the per centum enduring from diabetes. __________ Other factors lending to the oncoming of the disease include older age, Section 2 Despite these factors being good documented as some of the primary causes of diabetes, Scobie A ; Samaras ( 2009 ) argue that these factors accelerate the oncoming instead than being the primary cause. -biological/behavioural determiners of wellness Age Familial background-parental history -groups at peculiar hazard: Aged Peoples with a household history Certain cultural groups ( eg Aboriginal Australians ) Low SES Section 2 ( associate back in with single determiners ) – † Factors such as poorness, hapless instruction, societal exclusion, unemployment and deficiency of or hapless quality lodging all contribute to wellness inequalities. † -socioeconomic determiners of wellness Policyi? PA degrees in schools, NPAG, instruction Communityi? entree to parks/paths Environmentali? safety, entree to fresh nutrient Societali? urbanization and increase in engineering = down incidental exercising Economici? employment/occupation, income, wealth Section 3 Traditionally intervention of diabetes has focused on the ‘downstream ‘ factors, with the focal point being at an single degree. Exercise and weight loss are cardinal facets of the intervention, given that ________ . Exercise entirely leads to a important betterment in insulin sensitiveness ( Misra, et al. , 2008 ) . In line with the National Physical Activity Guidelines ( Department of Health and Ageing, 2010 ) , it is recommended that persons take part in at least 30 min of walking 5 yearss per hebdomad. The guidelines highlight four key points for all grownups sing physical activity, with these being peculiarly of import for people with diabetes. They are: Think of motion as an chance, non an incommodiousness Be active every twenty-four hours in every bit many ways as you can Put together at least 30 proceedingss of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, sooner all, yearss If you can, besides bask some regular, vigorous activity for excess wellness and fittingness ( Department of Health and Ageing, 2010 ) In concurrence with exercising, a healthy diet is indispensable for the effectual intervention of diabetes ( DA Victoria, 2002 ) . This has been proven to hold the individual greatest natural impact on blood glucose degrees ; every bit good as helping weight loss and diminishing insulin opposition. Foods should non be limited to low GI, with a diet focussed on high protein ( such as fish and low fat dairy ) ; high saccharides ( such as pasta, staff of life and fruit ) and low saturated fat/sugar ( Baricevic, 2007 ) . The AIHW ( 2010 ) suggests that the most appropriate method of intervention is ab initio through diet and exercising, come oning merely subsequently to medicine. Diabetes medicine chiefly acts to assist modulate the blood glucose degrees. Given that with this status insulin is unable to efficaciously map, it becomes of import to hold a manner to modulate blood sugar. The normal scope is 3.5-6 mmol/L prior to repasts and 3.5-8mmol/L straight afterwards ( DA Victoria, 2002 ) . Glucose direction is really of import to maintain the hazard of cardiovascular disease down, and without ordinance the individual may endure from hypo/hyperglycemia. That said, Ramlo-Halsted A ; Edelman ( 1999 ) point out that the â€Å" optimum regimen peculiarly for medicine will alter for each person as the status progresses. † There are two different options for medication-tablets or insulin injections. The tablets are taken orally and diminish the release of stored glucose in the liver, maintaining b lood sugar degrees down. In contrast, insulin injections come in the signifier of a needle ( syringe ) or a pen and are used when the pancreas is unable to bring forth the needed sums of insulin ( Baricevic, 2007 ) . You read "The Determinants Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Diabetess, as with many wellness conditions, requires a multi-disciplinary squad for successful intervention and direction. Diabetes Management in General Practise ( 2009 ) describes the functions of at least eight different squad members in the intervention of diabetes. These include: General practician Exercise specializer ( normally a physical therapist ) Chiropodist Optometrist Oral wellness professional Diabetess educator ( nurses etc ) Dietician Endocrinologist/diabetologist Whilst non all of these wellness professionals will needfully be involved in every person ‘s intervention, the squad ‘s cooperation is critical for long-run intervention. To assist with single intervention of diabetes, the Australian Government has established the National Diabetes Services Scheme ( NDSS ) . The plan has in surplus of 900 000 registered people with diabetes and is go oning to turn. There are several cardinal elements of the strategy with subsidized merchandises and information every bit good as instruction. Through this plan, there are 2200 mercantile establishments which supply discounted merchandises for intervention to the registrants. Whilst intervention is really common, alongside it is an extended direction program. DA Victoria ( 2002 ) describes several facets to proper direction. Aside from being physically active and eating good as antecedently mentioned, it is preferred for a diabetic to associate up with a local support squad for aid, support and to keep a positive attitude. Additionally proving blood glucose on a regular basis and medicating suitably as prescribed is besides of import. Diabetes Management in General Practise ( 2009 ) besides emphasises the demand to discontinue smoke ( if applicable ) , have less than two standard drinks per twenty-four hours and guarantee BMI ( organic structure mass index ) in less than 25 to accomplish general well-being. Hawley A ; Zierath ( 2008 ) besides outline the importance of understating the hazards and effects of complications. They province that this can be achieved through commanding glycaemia, blood force per unit area and lipid degrees ; in concurrence with regular wellness cheques ( concentrating on oculus, kidney and pes jobs ) . Section 4 Prevention of diabetes is an absolute precedence particularly when over 60 % of type 2 instances are preventable. With diabetes being the 7th prima cause of decease in Australia ( AIHW, 2010 ) , there is no inquiry why the Australian Government has made the status a national wellness precedence. Harmonizing to Weeson ( 2000 ) , â€Å" upstream † intervention by primary wellness professionals should be the focal point of all attacks. These upstream factors include______________ . Simple stairss can easy assist prevent or detain the oncoming of diabetes ( Type 2 Diabetes, 2011 ) through implementing a healthy life style. Diabetes Australia encourages persons to keep a healthy weight, take part in regular physical activity, eat healthy nutrient, manage blood pressure/cholesterol and non smoke, to diminish the oncoming of the status ( Type 2 Diabetes, 2011 ) . There is a really strong nexus between physical activity and diabetes every bit antecedently mentioned, nevertheless it should benoted that engagement in a moderate or sooner alert walking regimen can diminish the incidence of diabetes by 30 % ( Jeon, Lokken, A ; van Dam, 2007 ) . Furthermore Jeon, Lokken A ; van Dam ( 2007 ) describe this strong relationship stating that there is besides a nexus between the sum of physical activity and the decrease of risk-an astonishing 58 % lessening in the incidence of prediabetes can be achieved through exercising antecedently stated. Zimmet ( 2000 ) emphasises that diabetes can non be stooped by traditional medical attacks. Given the graduated table and outrageousness of the issue, he contends that drastic socioeconomic and cultural position alterations are required to do advancement. Zimmet ( 2000 ) says that international diabetes and public wellness administration need to buttonhole and call up politicians and non-government bureaus. Through this, the issues doing the pandemic ( socioeconomic, behavioral, nutritionary and public wellness ) can be addressed. A multi-disciplinary undertaking force is suggested to help in the reversal of the socioeconomic issues, as Zimmet feels that persons entirely moving to alter will non do a large adequate difference ( Zimmet, 2000 ) . The National Evidence Based Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes ( Colagiuri, Girgis, Gomez, Walker, Colagiuri, A ; O’Dea, 2009 ) depict four cardinal countries to making effectual preventive action for diabetes. These include: â€Å" Having a strong theoretic base for the plan † â€Å" Planing the plan with clear messages, integrating a many-sided attack to present these messages † â€Å" Encouraging household engagement † â€Å" Intensive and sustained run over a long continuance † The guidelines besides discuss the aspects within the broader community that should be targeted for bar of the status. One of the cardinal elements to efficaciously aiming the population is instruction ( Colagiuri, Girgis, Gomez, Walker, Colagiuri, A ; O’Dea, 2009 ) . Through media, the guidelines propose that the instruction can alter attitudes every bit good as degrees of cognition. This can hold a peculiarly profound impact on the short term addition in physical activity. This was seen in the ‘Life be in it’___________ In footings of bar for persons, the guidelines besides provided several points specifically aiming those in the hazard groups. The guidelines ( Colagiuri, Girgis, Gomez, Walker, Colagiuri, A ; O’Dea, 2009 ) specify persons at peculiar hazard as holding a mark greater than or equal to 15 on the AUSDRISK hazard appraisal tool. There are three degrees of action to forestall the oncoming of diabetes. Initially lifestyle alterations such as weight direction, come oning to pharmacological intercessions where necessary and in instances with terrible hazard bariatric surgery may be considered. Fostering the intervention dietetic considerations antecedently mentioned, in order to forestall diabetes sugar-sweetened drinks have been identified with fast nutrient as points that pose the largest menace of bring oning diabetes ( Hu, new wave Dam, A ; Liu, 2001 ) . Fish oil and polyunsaturated fats have besides been proven to assist with the bar of the status. Other -conversion from high hazard to low hazard life style = moderate manner Physical therapists play a big function peculiarly in the intervention, but besides the bar of diabetes. Ozdirenc, Kocak A ; Gutekin ( 2004 ) highlighted the importance of physical therapy in the accurate prescription of exercising. They suggested that any exercising prescribed in the involvement of diminishing complication with diabetes or forestalling it should be undertaken at 65-75 % of a individual ‘s VOa‚‚ soap and emphasised the necessity of a professional in such prescription. Harmonizing to their survey, physical exercising can take to a important lessening in physical damage and supply betterments to functional restrictions that the individual had suffered. In contrast, they determined that low degrees of activity caused a reduced cardio respiratory capacity and hence lessened ability to walk longer distances. These effects of inaction excessively have the possible to be improved through the execution of a physical activity government ( Ozdirenc, Kocak, A ; Gutekin, 2004 ) . Physical therapists besides play an of import function in the bar of diabetes through instruction and public wellness publicity. At an single degree such professionals can assist their clients who are identified as being at hazard ( of diabetes ) to do behavioral alterations to decrease their personal hazards. In add-on to this, physiotherapists can assist their patients with diabetes develop an exercising plan to assistance in weight loss and bettering their future forecast. At a broader degree physical therapists can be involved in policy development and other consciousness runs. For illustration the National Physical Activity Guidelines require experts and other professional ‘s inputs to develop plans with the cardinal elements antecedently mentioned such as strong theoretical bases. Decision -prevention must be a cardinal focal point given that – † a status that is extremely conformable to primary intercession † How to cite The Determinants Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Passive Voluntary Euthanasia free essay sample

A look at the difficult procedure of making ethical health care decisions This paper offers a recommendation on a biomedical ethics case concerning passive voluntary euthanasia where the patients family and health care providers are divided on how to proceed. From the paper: In Case # 6, the dilemma facing the health care provider is whether or not to continue life preserving measures while considering an advance directive (living will), family wishes and disagreement between the Health Care Team on the matter. The patient in this case is a 27-year old male who was left with multiple rib fractures, a pelvic fracture as well as basal skull fractures after a serious motor vehicle accident. The patient?s wife and daughter died as a result. This patient also suffered a brainstem hemorrhage and mild cerebral edema. He is expected to recover from his fractures, though it is not likely he will recover from the head injury, which has left him with no voluntary movement other than vertical movements of his eyes. We will write a custom essay sample on Passive Voluntary Euthanasia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Sdfdsf Essay Example

Sdfdsf Paper Business 109 will provide an introduction to the modern business enterprise. We will examine the role of business in a market economy, survey current business trends and the global, financial, and social environment in which businesses exist and operate. Moreover, the course will describe the evolution, formation and management of American and international businesses, and provide a basic understanding of various functional areas of business, including economics, marketing, finance, management, human resources, international operations, and business decision making using information technology. In lieu off final exam, students will be able to get additional experience in the business world through a semester-long final project of building a comprehensive profile of an actual business. The Business Profile project consists of a series of three (3) written research assignments, including corporate background as well as business strategies and practices related to marketing, management, and finance. Students have a choice of either working alone or in a team of two. We will write a custom essay sample on Sdfdsf specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sdfdsf specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sdfdsf specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For extra credit, students may present the profile of the particular business to the entire class at the end of the course. II. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students will learn to: a. Analyze the relationship and interaction between business enterprises and other institutions b. Develop basic business vocabulary and a familiarity with key business concepts c. Practice and participate in research, business communication, and teamwork activities d. Apply actual business practices in model business situations e. Ill. TEXTBOOK BUSS, 4th Edition, 2011; Clergywomen; ISBN: (Please note you will need to purchase Webster access either from the DVD Bookstore as packaged with the book, or online from within Web). V. GRADING Your grade will be a composite of classroom participation, end-of-chapter quizzes, and a course-long Business Profile project that includes three written assignments. There are total of 1000 points (required) possible for the course: 1. Class Participation @300 points 2 End-of-chapter Quizzes (Best 10 of 12 taken online) 300 @40 points each -400 3. Business Profile Project (3 written assignments) @OHIO points each 300 Total points = 1000 Students will also have the potential to earn a total of 100 extra credit points, 50 of which through clipping business related articles and sharing them with the class inline on the course website, and another 50 of which by presenting the results of your Business Profile project to the whole class at the end of the course. Grade Distribution: 900 1 oho = A (90%) 800-899 = B (80%) 700-799 = c (70%) 600-699 = D (60%) 599 and below = F V. MORE ON QUIZZES, ASSIGNMENTS AND FINAL PROJECT 1. End-of-chapter Quizzes There will be self-administered quizzes for each chapter after you read the chapter in the textbook, go through the Powering Notes and attend lecture. For each quiz, you will be given 60 minutes to complete 20 questions which are true-false or ultimate-choice types. You are given one question at a time and are only allowed one try with the quiz so please do not take the quiz until you are absolutely ready and prepared. Please note that you will not get the results of the quiz until after the quiz deadline. The end-of-chapter quizzes will cover textbook readings, Powering notes, and discussions topics and can be accessed on the Web course site. They will be a combination of multiple-choice and true/false items. Each quiz is worth 40 points and has a deadline that can not be extended. You may take a quiz as early as it becomes available and as late as on the same day before the deadline. No make-up quizzes will be given-No exceptions. You final grade will be based on the best 10 of the 12 quizzes?the two quizzes (including missed quizzes) with the lowest scores will be Please note that there will be NO Final Exam for this class Cheers! Instead, students will participate in a semester-long business profile semester project?see below for details. Warning: Please note that all students are required to abide by the DVD academic honor codes?No cheating of any kind will be tolerated. 2. Written Assignments and Business Profile Project There will be no FINAL EXAM for this class. Instead, students will be able to get additional experience in the business world through a course-long project of building a comprehensive profile of an actual business. The Business Profile project consists of a series of three written research assignments, including corporate background as well as business strategies and practices related to marketing, management, and finance. Students have a choice of either working alone or in a team of two. For extra credit of 50 points, students may present the profile of the particular business to the entire class at the end of the course. Papers should be appropriate pages in length (see Assignment Description on Web), word processed using 12 point type, double spaced. Papers are expected to be proofread and checked for grammar and spelling. Please note that handwritten assignments will NOT be accepted. Assignments are due on the dates listed in the course outline. Please turn in your assignments in class on the dates due and please do NOT upload your assignments online. Late assignments will NOT be accepted. For extra credit, final project presentations can be one using projectors, either via transparency or Microsoft Powering. To help gain valuable teamwork experiences, students are encouraged to work in groups on the course-long business profile project, although individual work will be accepted if student is unable to or do not wish to find another team member. However, group sizes are limited to a maximum of two (2) because as research and experience suggest, the tasks of scheduling team meetings become more difficult as the number of team members increase and team productivity and effectiveness tend to suffer as a result. Remember that all team members will get the same grade for the same project. Having a great team can help reduce individual workload and boost the grades of all team members, but unfortunately the opposite tends to be true as well for a dysfunctional team?so pick your team member(s) carefully! VI. I will keep attendance record regularly and will record any late class arrivals or early departures. According dropped by the instructor. If you are not planning to ever come back to class, be sure to DROP the class yourself with Admissions and Records- it is not my responsibility to o that. Students are also expected to read assigned chapters ahead of scheduled class time and actively participate in class. Please follow the below-listed Reading and Assignment schedule carefully. Your class participation will be an important part (1 [3rd) of your course grade so please take it very seriously if you want to get a good grade in this class.

Report On Oluadah Equiano Essays - Racism, Slavery, Africa

Report On Oluadah Equiano Essays - Racism, Slavery, Africa Report On Oluadah Equiano History The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano Slavery has been an issue in the world since ancient times, and in only the last one hundred and fifty years has it been dine away with in our country. The way slaves were regarded was different according to the various cultures around the earth due to regional traditions and the goods that were produced in that area. The enslavement of the African Americans did not begin with the South Atlantic System, it existed in Africas own various native tribes for centuries. In The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano, Equiano recalls the slavery in his own tribe the Ibo. The slavery *censored* sucker system of his African tribe that he witnessed as a child differed from what he would experience as an adult. First, a man could not be kidnapped and made into a slave within the African community. In fact, a man could become a slave as a punishment for kidnapping or other crimes such as adultery. One could also become a slave if he/she was a captured enemy (Interesting Narrative 38). The Europeans, however, rounded up slaves with no thought of any Africans personal lives and captured them for the sole purpose of enslaving them. When they did not round up the Africans themselves they would trade goods for slaves which caused tribes to attack other tribes for horny slaves to increase their own wealth and sta tus (America 68). These two factors left damage to the African tribes. Equiano recalls that the slaves taken by his Ibo people were almost treated as one of the family. The slaves do the same amount of work that any other member of the family would do (Interesting Narrative 41). When Equiano reached the West Indies he saw the Africans being literally worked to death, because they were so numerous and wouldnt lose money if they perished. Another principal difference in the treatment of slaves between Africa and Europe was lodging. In the Ibo tribe, the master of the slaves had them live inside his complex and dwelt in houses nearly the same manner as he did (Interesting Narrative 37,41). In contrast, Equiano witnessed the lodgings in the West Indies to be horrid. They are often open sheds, built in damp places the poor structures of the hut left the slaves cold and damp, the perfect conditions for disease to flourish in (Interesting Narrative 94). In the Ibo tribe the slave food rations were the same as the rest of the household. They usually had permiss ion to marry, and their children were born free (America 66). After Equiano was kidnapped he experiences African slavery, which is mixed with harsh and fair treatment. Equiano reaches the coast and sees streptococus Europeans for the first time, he says If ten thousand worlds had been my own I would have freely parted with them all to exchange my condition with that of the meanest slave in my country (Interesting Narrative 54). He probably would have given this if he had known he was headed for the dilsilious middle passage. If the Africans survived the middle passage they were mostly taken to the West Indies and then to other destinations (America 67). The more slaves that inhabited an area, the more replaceable they became, and this and other factors contributed to the differences in slavery from place to place. Oluadah Equiano came in contact with slavery in many places all over the world including the West Indies, Virginia, Georgia, London and Philadelphia and in each place the form of slavery varied. According to Eqiuano, the harshest slave conditions were in the West Indies. Most West Indian planters treated the slaves like animals. They were very expendable because sugar prices were high, and slave prices were low (America 73). Most slaves were malnourished and lacked adequate housing. They were under strict regulations because the slave population was much greater than that of the Europeans of the islands. They controlled the Africans with fear. Africans had no rights as citizens as Equiano points out. He tells of an African man who owned a boat, which was taken from him with no compensation. He also tells of how Africans were dismembered and tortured for

Court Case of Brown v. Board of Education

Court Case of Brown v. Board of Education The 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education ended with a Supreme Court decision that helped lead to the desegregation of schools throughout America. Prior to the ruling, African-American children in Topeka, Kansas were denied access to all-white schools due to laws allowing for separate but equal facilities. The idea of separate but equal was given legal standing with the 1896  Supreme Court  ruling in  Plessy v. Ferguson. This doctrine required that any separate facilities had to be of equal quality. However, the plaintiffs in Brown v. Board of Education successfully argued that segregation was inherently unequal.   Case Background In the early 1950s, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) brought class action lawsuits against school districts in several states, seeking court orders that would require the districts to allow black children to attend white schools. One of these suits was filed against the board of education in Topeka, Kansas, on behalf of Oliver Brown, a parent of a child who was denied access to white schools in the Topeka school district. The original case was tried in a district court and was defeated on the grounds that the black schools and white schools were sufficiently equal and therefore segregated schooling in the district was protected under the Plessy decision. The case was then heard by the Supreme Court in 1954, along with other similar cases from around the country, and it became known as Brown v. Board of Education. The chief council for the plaintiffs was Thurgood Marshall, who later became the first black Justice appointed to the Supreme Court. Brown’s Argument The lower court that ruled against Brown focused on comparisons of basic facilities offered in both the black and white schools of the Topeka school district. By contrast, the Supreme Court case involved a much more in-depth analysis, looking at the effects that the different environments had on the students. The Court determined that segregation led to lowered self-esteem and a lack of confidence that could affect a child’s ability to learn. It found that  separating students by race sent the message to black students that they were inferior to white students and therefore schools serving each race separately could never be equal.   The Significance ofBrown v. Board of Education The  Brown  decision was truly significant because it overturned the separate but equal doctrine established by the Plessy decision. While previously the 13th Amendment to the  Constitution  was interpreted so that equality before the law could be met through segregated facilities, with  Brown  this was no longer true. The  14th Amendment  guarantees equal protection under the law, and the Court ruled that separate facilities based on race were ipso facto unequal. Compelling Evidence One piece of evidence that greatly influenced the Supreme Court decision was based on research  performed by two educational psychologists, Kenneth, and Mamie Clark. The Clarks presented children as young as 3 years old with white and brown dolls. They found that overall the children rejected the brown dolls when asked to pick which dolls they liked the best, wanted to play with, and thought were a nice color. This underlined the inherent inequality of a separate educational system based on race.

Folklore Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Folklore - Assignment Example It also analyses the reason behind the preference of the phrase ‘intangible human heritage’ as opposed to ‘folklore’ by UNESCO in the 2003 Convention. Folklore is a term generally used with reference to traditional human beliefs, superstition, tales, and human practices that have spread or conveyed in a casual manner (informal) – usually orally or through the word of mouth. The term is also relevant when referring to the comparative and comprehensive study of tradition knowledge and human culture, which people also refer to as folkloristic. Folklore encompasses such a wide area of activities carried out by people that it is impossible to categorize it comprehensively. The following is a representative and not an exhaustive list of the genres of folklore. Folktale is usually a fairy tale or narrative among the different forms of traditional oral arts. Folktales have many characteristics that include their oral narration style, their passing on from generation to generation. Their characteristics are reliant on the time and place where a person tells them. The themes of a folktale are usually general and timeless. Often concerned with the common human being; and function to make valid certain aspects of culture. This form of art has a cultural identity, because they possess values and traits of the culture that they originate. There is often exaggeration in the characters of a folktale; they may be either human or animals. They always have a realistic setting. People often used folktales to either entertain or teach a lesson. This was especially true for the African heritage and other cultural communities. The main significance of a myth is to explain the reality of any natural phenomena. They have moral teachings and divine explanations concerning religious practices. The gods or goddesses are usually the focus of most myths. Many regard a myth as